Literary notes about proletarian (AI summary)
The term “proletarian” has been deployed in literature with a diverse range of connotations, often reflecting the tumultuous dynamics of class and ideology. In political texts such as The Communist Manifesto, the word is used appreciatively to denote a self-conscious, independent movement of the majority ([1], [2]), as well as being manipulated rhetorically by the aristocracy to galvanize support or discredit opposition ([3]). Yet, its usage is not confined solely to formal political discourse; it also appears in more personal or cultural contexts, sometimes even pejoratively. For instance, in Chekhov’s work, the label “proletarian” is employed disparagingly to underscore social and economic deficiency ([4]). Meanwhile, Nesta Helen Webster’s writings reveal a tension in its connotations, associating the term not only with political doctrine but also with controversial ideological teachings, as seen in her critique of “Proletarian” Sunday-schools ([5]) and her discussion that hints at distinguishing between what is inherently proletarian or not ([6]). This multifaceted deployment in literature underscores the term’s role both as a descriptor of collective social identity and as a tool in broader ideological battles.