None of the provided examples actually use “Kobe” as a color. In each case, “Kobe” refers to the well-known Japanese port city rather than to a hue or pigment. For instance, whether describing a sunrise seen at Kobe [1] or noting its significance as a commercial and cultural hub [2, 3], the term is clearly geographic rather than chromatic. Thus, in the literary passages given, “Kobe” consistently functions as a place-name and does not serve as an example of color usage.